Access Modifiers in JAVA

The access Specifier in Java specifies the accessibility or scope of a field, method, constructor, or class.We can change the access level of fields, constructors, methods, and class by applying the access specifier on it.

Default – No keyword required
Private
Protected
Public

Access Specifier	Within Class	Within Package	Outside Package by Subclass only	Outside Package
Private	Yes	No	No	No
Default	Yes	Yes	No	No
Protected	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Public	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Private

The private access modifier is accessible only within the class.

Example:

class exofprivate{

private int a=40;

private void fun1(){

System.out.println("Hello java");}

}

public class Pairosoft{

public static void main(String[] args) {

exofprivate obj=new exofprivate();

System.out.println(obj.a); //Compile Time Error

obj.fun1(); //Compile Time Error

}

In this example, we have created two classes exofprivate and Pairosoft. We are accessing these private members from outside the class, so there is a compile-time error.

Default

The default modifier is accessible only within package. It cannot be accessed from outside the package.

Example:

//save by c1.java

package pack1;

class c1{

void fun1()

{

System.out.println("Hello");

}

//save by c2.java

package pack2;

import pack1.*; //import package(pack1)

class c2{

public static void main(String args[]){

c1 obj = new c1();//Compile Time Error

obj.fun1();//Compile Time Error

}

In this example, we have created two packages pack1 and pack2. We are accessing the c1 class from outside its package, since c1 class is not public, so it cannot be accessed from outside the package.

Protected

The protected access modifier is accessible within package and outside the package but through inheritance only.

Example:

//save by c1.java

package pack1;

public class c1{

protected void fun1()

{

System.out.println("Hello Friends"); }

}

//save by c2.java

package mypack;

import pack1.*;

class c2 extends c1{

public static void main(String args[]){

c2 obj = new c2();

obj.fun1();

}

Output:

Hello Friends

In this example, we have created the two packages pack1 and pack2. The c1 class of pack1 package is public, so can be accessed from outside the package. But fun1 method of this package is declared as protected, so it can be accessed from outside the class only through inheritance.

Public

The public access modifier is accessible everywhere.

Example:

//save by c1.java

package pack1;

public class c1{

public void fun1()

{ System.out.println("Hello");}

}

//save by c2.java

package pack2;

import pack1.*;

class c2{

public static void main(String args[]){

c1 obj = new c1();

obj.fun1();

}

Output:

Hello

More will come idea if you watch this video:-

Access Modifiers in JAVA